نشریه رهیافت
پیاپی 86 (تابستان 1401)

Today, the concept of openness has become widespread in organizations, and due to the advent of the Internet and advances in information technology, organizations have shown a special interest in open approaches. One of these open principles in organizations in the field of strategy is known through transparency in strategic processes, which is called open strategy. This article tries to introduce this phenomenon and make a comparison between open innovation and open strategy. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and is of the type of library studies and documentary analysis. The results show that strategy researchers have turned their attention to another example of the expansion and opening up of traditional closed organizational practices, and that is the issue of open strategy. The task of open strategy in the simplest sense is to increase transparency and participation in strategic issues (internal and external stakeholders). In other words, open strategy is a new topic in the field of strategic management, which, according to some theorists, is based on open innovation, although there are similarities and differences. Similar to open innovation, research in open strategy was initially phenomenological, and gradually emerged as an identifiable research stream. However, as a research field, it has developed differently than open innovation. According to the analysis of different angles of two phenomena of open strategy and open innovation, According to the analysis of different angles of two phenomena of open strategy and open innovation, they can be examined and compared from 7 different perspectives. Similarities and key differences from 7 different perspectives, the perspective of philosophical foundations, the perspective of goals, the perspective of relationships, the perspective of theoretical approaches, the perspective of open strategy dimensions, the perspective of openness and openness dimensions, as well as the perspective of activity areas, which are mentioned in detail in the article.

"Corporate social responsibility" is one of the new concepts that have entered the theoretical literature of some management fields in recent years. In relation to the design of corporate social responsibility models, few researches have been conducted inside the country, which have often investigated the mentioned models in some government organizations, auditing organizations, and banks. However, no research was found that specifically deals with the design of the social responsibility model of knowledge-based companies; Therefore, the current research has been conducted with the aim of designing a model for the social responsibility of knowledge-based companies. For this purpose, the method of systematic review and comparative synthesis framework has been used. In this way, in several steps, the researcher systematically reviewed all scientific researches related to corporate social responsibility, then based on Carroll's social responsibility model as the primary conceptual framework, the final model of social responsibility of knowledge-based companies with 6 dimensions, 25 main categories and has redesigned 40 subcategories. The findings showed that the dimensions of the desirable social responsibility model of knowledge-based companies are: the altruistic dimension including 4 subcategories (commitment to solving social problems, promoting social welfare, voluntary, humanitarian and charitable activities and public benefit activities), the ethical dimension including 5 subcategories Category (creating organizational belonging, social ethics, professional ethics, social justice, social accountability), economic dimension including 4 sub-categories (attention to profitability, improvement of local economy, improvement and production of products and services, maintaining competitive position), legal dimension including 2 sub-categories (implementation of laws and actions in accordance with regulations and compliance with the rights of consumers and customers), social dimension including 6 sub-categories (participation in the development and improvement of society, maintaining social unity, increasing social ability, social investment, creating cultural atmosphere and improving procedures work) and finally the environmental dimension including 4 sub-categories (minimizing environmental destruction, having an official environmental policy, environmental education and commitment to sustainable development).Finally, the mentioned model was validated by a group of specialists and experts in this field, and the degree of importance of the model's components was determined based on the one-sample t-test. The results of the test indicated the approval of all dimensions and categories of the redesigned model by experts. In the social responsibility model of knowledge-based companies, legal, ethical, economic, environmental, social and altruistic dimensions are the most important.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of economic and social factors on the publication of scientific documents. The amount of publication of scientific documents can increase or decrease; Because the publication of scientific documents is influenced by many economic, sociological, cultural and political factors. In this way, the upcoming research examines the influence of socio-economic factors on the publication of scientific documents in middle-income countries. Statistics related to publication of scientific documents, access to information and communication, equal access to quality education, quality universities, government spending on education, share of added value of the industry sector, GDP per capita and control variables including life expectancy and population in 56 The country is derived from Scimago institutions, the social progress index and the World Bank during the years 2011 to 2021. In order to investigate the effect of the mentioned variables on the publication of scientific documents, the panel data method has been used and analyzed with Eviews12 software. The results of panel data estimation in the years under review showed that the influence of social factors (access to information and communication, equal access to quality education, quality universities); And economic factors (government expenses for each education, contribution of the added value of the industry sector, GDP per capita) on the publication of scientific documents in middle-income countries are incremental and significant. Likewise, social factors have a greater impact on the publication of scientific documents than economic factors; And among the social and economic factors, equal access to quality education has a greater impact on the publication of scientific documents. Therefore, since the publication of scientific documents is influenced by socio-economic factors, it is necessary to pay attention to social and economic factors for the continuation and growth of science. In order to grow these factors, researchers, sociologists and economists must plan together.

study and analyze the situation of scientific diplomacy in Iran in the last half century and to compare the pattern of cooperation of the authors of articles based on the citation index of Web Science during the years 1975 to 2022.This research is of applied scientometric type. The research population included all joint scientific products of Iran in the international web-based citation database with foreign countries during the years 1975 to 2022. The pattern of joint Iranian scientific productions has been studied and analyzed during this period.International scientific products of Iran during the years 1975-2022 were examined and analyzed in the WOS International Index. The findings show that over the past half century, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, Germany and China have been at the forefront of Iranian scientific diplomacy. Iran ranks 21st in the world in scientific diplomacy in 2017, which in 3021 has reached 30th.The research findings also showed that most of Iran's scientific productions were in the form of scientific papers and then conference papers. Papers presented at international conferences are a clear symbol of scientific diplomacy. Accordingly, 56,190 papers presented at international scientific conferences were indexed on the website of the Science, which accounted for about 8.5% of Iran's scientific production in the last half century (the total number of Iranian scientific production was 676690). The growth trend of papers presented in international scientific conferences in the last ten years showed that the most scientific papers of international conferences in 2015 (3959 papers and 7.04% of the total papers presented), 2014 (3714 papers and 6.6%, respectively). Total articles submitted) and 2017 (3334 articles with 5.6% of total articles) and the lowest number of articles in 2022 (3 articles with 0.005% of total articles), 2021 (631 articles and 1.12% of total articles) And 2020 (1750 papers and 3.11% of all papers submitted) presented at international conferences indexed by WOS.From 2019 to 2022, when the world was infected with the COVID -19 virus and its various strains such as Delta and Omicron, etc., we saw the least international participation in the field of international conferences. This influenced scientific diplomacy, which seems natural

Training committed and expert human resources and providing the fields for identification, support, guidance and influence of elites and top talents is one of the most important strategies outlined in the upstream documents. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the programs of the National Elite Foundation in the areas of top student talents (Shahid Vazaai Plan) in the Islamic Republic of Iran by providing a suitable model. The current descriptive research was conducted with a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach. The statistical population of the research included elites and top talents of the country, 24 people were selected for the interview stage in a targeted way and 50 people were selected to complete the questionnaire. MAXQDA software was used to analyze qualitative data and SPSS software was used for quantitative data.By studying several times, the obtained themes were adjusted and modified, and the network of obtained research themes included 2 main themes and 12 sub-themes. According to the Shahid Vazoai plan, talented students are identified and supported with an active approach, according to the set of elite activities in the university. Also, according to this plan, the student's presence in the university and performing his academic duties under the supervision of the supervisor is one of the working principles in scientific environments. The findings of the interview indicate that the foundation has done good and valuable activities in terms of identification, empowerment and material and spiritual support and tries to provide the field of identification, support, guidance and influence of top talents. In this direction, in order to realize the desired situation and the transcendental point, it is necessary to perform outstanding performance and maximum cooperation of various governmental and non-governmental organizations and institutions, companies and knowledge-based institutions with the National Elite Foundation. Elite policymakers should also seek to restore or define the legal status of the National Elite Foundation and not just as an award-giving institution. All institutions should be accountable to the National Elite Foundation.

Human resource training is one of the important goals in organizations, this is important due to the new approaches of education, such as virtual education, which provides the basis for increasing productivity in organizational training. On the one hand, knowledge management is considered as a new structure in organizational training models, hence the purpose of the current research is to examine the components of virtual education based on knowledge management. The current research was conducted with a qualitative approach and thematic analysis method. The statistical population includes all professors, teachers and managers of Mashhad city, who were selected through a purposeful criterion-based sampling. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 professors, 9 teachers and education workers, and 5 school principals in the holy city of Mashhad. In order to analyze the data, basic, organizing and comprehensive thematic method was used. Lincoln and Cuban criteria were used to ensure validity and reliability. They listed four criteria "credibility, transferability, reliability and verifiability" in order to evaluate the scientific accuracy of qualitative research. In terms of reliability, the participant control method was used. The results of the research show five overarching themes, including knowledge-based components (including such axes as application of knowledge, use of current knowledge, attention to digital literacy, application of knowledge, use of current knowledge and attention to digital literacy), managerial components. (attention to regulations, organizational commitment, attention to professional development, professional expertise of employees, research-oriented management and appropriate infrastructure), communicative and interactive components (including axes such as attention to learner interaction, extensive networking in In the direction of synergy, development of access to people and information and dissemination and exchange of knowledge), strategic components (attention to constructivism in education, attention to individual differences and potentials, attention to educational ethics, effective feedback and evaluation, and integration of education and research ) and structural components (accessibility, virtual education system, supporting educational platforms and using appropriate hardware). According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that in the field of virtual education based on knowledge management, attention should be paid to the fields of knowledge in the organization, organizational management approach, communication indicators and organizational interactions, organizational education strategies and structure and fields. Education plays an important role. This important shows the role of two main dimensions, individual and organizational, in organizational training.